Techno
Field Guide

Americas: southeastern U.S. through Central and South America

Shallow freshwater lakes, ponds, slow rivers, marshes; uses branches/logs for drying

Americas; coastal and inland wetlands, with migratory populations in North America

Tidal flats, marshes, mangroves, shallow bays, wet fields

Western and southern North America into Central America; expanding northward in parts of range

Open country, towns, parks, agricultural areas, noisy communal roosts

Europe and across much of Asia; common in many wooded and urban areas

Woodland, parks, gardens, orchards, mature trees

Tropical and subtropical oceans of the Pacific, Indian and South Atlantic regions

Oceanic islands, coastal forests, cliffs, urban trees in some islands

Native to South Asia; widely introduced across many urban and island regions

Cities, farms, gardens, open woodland, human-modified habitats

Western North America originally; now widespread across much of North America

Towns, backyards, deserts, grassland edges, feeders

Nearly worldwide in suitable wetlands across the Americas, Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia

Marshes, lakes, rivers, mudflats, mangroves, wet fields

Pacific coast of North America, especially California to Baja California

Rocky coasts, islands, beaches, harbors, landfills

Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the southeastern United States

Coastal marshes, wetlands, parking lots, towns, mangroves

North America, Mexico, Caribbean and parts of Central America

Suburbs, parks, thickets, open ground with shrubs

Western North America through Central America into northern South America

Oak woodlands, pine-oak forests, granary trees

South America; introduced populations including Hawaii

Open woodland, shrubland, gardens, parks, river edges

Native to Africa; introduced and established in parts of Europe and elsewhere

Lakes, rivers, lawns, parks, reservoirs, agricultural edges

Mexico through Central and South America, with local occurrence north to Texas

Rivers, lakes, mangroves, coastal lagoons, large water edges

Andean South America and highland habitats

Gardens, forest edges, shrubland, highland towns

Southeastern United States through Central and South America

Open country, towns, roadsides, landfills, forest edges

Across the Americas, from Alaska and Canada to South America

Open fields, grasslands, deserts, roadsides, farms, towns with nest cavities

Europe, North Africa and much of Asia; common around people

Woodland, parks, gardens, orchards, nest boxes

Central and South America, especially lowland tropical regions

Open woodland, forest edges, pastures, wetlands, areas with oropendolas and caciques

Americas; coastal and inland wetlands, especially warmer regions

Mangroves, salt marshes, swamps, wooded wetlands, creek edges

Eastern and central North America

Lawns, fields, wetlands, farms, towns, conifers and roost trees

Andean regions of South America

Humid montane forest edges, ravines, shaded trails

Coasts of the Americas and West Africa, with colonial breeding on sandy islands

Beaches, estuaries, bays, lagoons, barrier islands

Europe, North Africa and across temperate Asia

Woodland, parks, gardens, oak forests

Native to Africa and South Asia; established feral populations in many cities worldwide

Urban parks, gardens, orchards, woodland edges, nest cavities

Southeastern U.S., Caribbean, Central America and northern South America

Wetlands, marshes, lawns, mangroves, mudflats

Europe and parts of western Asia/North Africa

Deciduous woodland, gardens, parks, hedgerows

Southern United States, Caribbean, Central America and northern South America

Open scrub, sandy edges, roadsides, dry fields, gardens

South America, Caribbean and some southern island regions

Open country, farms, towns, savanna, arid scrub

Native Eurasia/North Africa; introduced widely worldwide

Cities, farms, buildings, streets, gardens

Breeds in Arctic tundra; migrates to Pacific islands, Asia, Australia and coastal Americas

Tundra breeding grounds; mudflats, beaches, fields, lawns in nonbreeding season

Eastern and central North America, Mexico, parts of Central America; introduced to Hawaii

Shrubby edges, gardens, woodlands, suburbs

Northern and eastern Europe, parts of the Middle East and western Asia

Coasts, farmland, towns, woodland edges, open country

Eastern North America; migratory in northern range

Wooded edges, bridges, barns, streams, yards

Coastal southeastern U.S., Caribbean, Central America and northern South America

Marshes, mangroves, tidal creeks, lagoons

Africa, Europe and western Asia; expanded widely and now occurs on several continents

Grasslands, pastures, farms, wetlands, around livestock and machinery